La composición musical es un trabajo el cual se encarga de la creación de obras musicales, por lo tanto nos resulta útil, entender el concepto de obra musical. Leo Treitler describe cómo a la música, al concepto de “obra” donde la notación musical opera como soporte excluyente. Dentro de esta mirada pareciera ser que lo que no está escrito en partitura no se puede estudiar y que la posibilidad de recreación de las músicas pertenecientes a un ámbito de producción, circulación y recepción popular-oral, queda supeditada a las posibilidades que ofrece este modelo. Este concepto clásico romántico de la música constituye que el medio de transmisión por excelencia asociado a las obras musicales es el papel. Hay una versión original, la cual promueve la fantasía de estar más cerca de la voluntad del compositor, de la “verdad” en términos de intención y significado de la obra. Así, lo escrito se erige como reflejo exacto de la idea del autor y se confunde, por lo tanto, con la obra en sí. De esta forma, partitura pasa a ser sinónimo de obra.La obra musical otorgó a la música una forma permanente; dejó de pensarse en la música como algo puramente evanescente, una actividad o experiencia que se desvanece en el pasado tan pronto como concluye. Porque mientras tienen lugar en el tiempo las interpretaciones de obras musicales, la obra como tal perdura. De este modo, la música se convierte en algo que podemos almacenar o acumular, una forma de lo que podría denominarse capital estético.Sin embargo, hoy en día puede encontrarse una notable cantidad de registros discográficos que contienen interpretaciones de dichas producciones musicales, con diferentes criterios de abordaje según la pretensión en la reconstrucción histórica. Después de todo, las producciones de la tradición escrita, frecuentemente asociadas con loscompositores, las obras y la complejidad, siguen dependiendo fuertemente de la transmisiónoral y en un conjunto de intuiciones interpretativas que mayoritariamente no está escrito. Por el contrario, el hecho de que una composición no exista en partitura pero esté viva en la mente de los ejecutantes no la descalifica como “obra” ni le quita complejidad.Dicho esto, debemos considerar que los historiadores de la cultura oral enfrentan verdaderasdificultades, ya que existe muy poca evidencia de primera mano, sobre todo de épocasanteriores a la invención del fonógrafo. Esto produce un efecto en el cual las primerasgrabaciones de música antigua son tomadas como documentos que representan un estadooriginario de ese repertorio, en lugar de una etapa particular en su evolución.

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Musical composition can refer to an original piece of music, either a song or an instrumental music piece, the structure of a musical piece, or the process of creating or writing a new song or piece of music. People who create new compositions are called composers in classical music. In popular music and traditional music, the creators of new songs are usually called songwriters; with songs, the person who writes new words for a song is the lyricist. "Composition" is the act or practice of creating a song or other piece of music. In many cultures, including Western classical music, the act of composing typically includes the creation of music notation, such as a sheet music "score", which is then performed by the composer or by other instrumental musicians or singers. In popular music and traditional music, songwriting may involve the creation of a basic outline of the song, called the lead sheet, which sets out the melody, lyrics and chord progression. In classical music, orchestration (choosing the instruments of a large music ensemble such as an orchestra which will play the different parts of music, such as the melody, accompaniment, countermelody, bassline and so on) is typically done by the composer, but in musical theatre and in pop music, songwriters may hire an arranger to do the orchestration. In some cases, a pop or traditional songwriter may not use written notation at all, and instead compose the song in her mind and then play, sing and/or record it from memory. In jazz and popular music, notable sound recordings by influential performers are given the weight that written or printed scores play in classical music. Although a musical composition often uses musical notation and has a single author, this is not always the case. A work of music can have multiple composers, which often occurs in popular music when all of the members of a band collaborates to write a song, or in musical theatre, when one person writes the melodies, a second person writes the lyrics, and a third person orchestrates the songs. A piece of music can also be composed with words, images, or, since the 20th century, with computer programs that explain or notate how the singer or musician should create musical sounds. Examples range from 20th century avant-garde music that uses graphic notation, to text compositions such as Karlheinz Stockhausen's Aus den sieben Tagen, to computer programs that select sounds for musical pieces. Music that makes heavy use of randomness and chance is called aleatoric music, and is associated with contemporary composers active in the 20th century, such as John Cage, Morton Feldman, and Witold Lutosławski. A more commonly known example of chance-based music is the sound of wind chimes jingling in a breeze. The study of composition has traditionally been dominated by examination of methods and practice of Western classical music, but the definition of composition is broad enough the creation of popular music and traditional music songs and instrumental pieces and to include spontaneously improvised works like those of free jazz performers and African percussionists such as Ewe drummers. Although in the 2000s, composition is considered to consist of the manipulation of each aspect of music (harmony, melody, form, rhythm, and timbre), according to Jean-Benjamin de Laborde (1780, 2:12): Composition consists in two things only. The first is the ordering and disposing of several sounds...in such a manner that their succession pleases the ear. This is what the Ancients called melody. The second is the rendering audible of two or more simultaneous sounds in such a manner that their combination is pleasant. This is what we call harmony, and it alone merits the name of composition.

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